The definition of design
Design, in essence, is a systematic process carried out to meet the specific needs of products and services in a certain aspect. It includes both the precise determination of tasks and the effective solution of various problems. From another perspective, design is like a pre - planning. Based on the established goals and requirements, a complete set of plans is carefully formulated. This process is like the blueprint drawn by an architect before building a high - rise building, which guides the subsequent work and ensures that the final result can meet the expected vision.
The Connotation and Process of Product Design
Product design is a complex work process that starts from clarifying the design task and ends with determining the overall structure of the product. This process includes multiple key links. First, determining the product's structure is like building the framework of a house, which determines the basic form and stability of the product; the selection of components is also crucial, as appropriate components can endow the product with unique performance; features and specifications further refine the product's characteristics and applicable scope. At the same time, the materials and externally purchased accessories required for product processing and manufacturing should also be considered to ensure the quality of raw materials and the stability of supply. In addition, clarifying the technical and economic indicators that the product should achieve and the usage method are also indispensable parts of product design.
The procedure of product design is very rigorous and is divided into 9 stages. In the technical investigation stage, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive and in - depth study of relevant technologies, and understand the latest trends and development directions of the industry. Process research focuses on how to optimize the production process, improve production efficiency and product quality. Prototype design is an important step in transforming design concepts into actual models. After that, the prototype is manufactured and tested. Problems are found and improvements are made through actual tests. The design, manufacturing and testing of the trial - production machine are also crucial, providing reliable data support for the final shaping of the product. Finally, it enters the production design stage, making full preparations for large - scale production.
Quality functions of product design
Statistical data shows that about 60% - 70% of product quality depends on the quality of product design. Therefore, it is crucial to strengthen the quality management of product design. The quality functions of product design are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
Determine the appropriate quality level: Based on the results of market research, gain an in - depth understanding of users' quality requirements. At the same time, conduct a detailed technical and economic analysis to determine a quality level that not only meets market demand but also has economic feasibility. This is like finding an optimal balance between pursuing excellent quality and controlling costs.
Control the design quality: Carry out work strictly in accordance with the procedures and requirements stipulated in the product quality design, and strictly control every aspect of the design. This requires designers to have a high sense of responsibility and a rigorous work attitude to ensure the stability of the design quality.
Eliminate congenital defects: Arrange an "early warning" mechanism, including design reviews, failure analyses, laboratory tests, field tests, and small - batch tests. Through these means, identify and resolve potential problems in a timely manner during the design process to avoid the emergence of congenital defects, just like nipping a disease in the bud.
Key quality control: Do a good job in grading and transferring the importance of quality characteristics, so that the quality functions of other links can carry out key control according to design requirements, ensure that products meet design standards, and achieve compliant quality.
Quality management of the design process
Quality management in the design process is a series of activities carried out based on the quality functions of product design. Its tasks mainly cover three aspects: ensuring the quality of design work and the scientificity and rationality of design results; organizing and coordinating the quality functions at each stage to make all links cooperate closely and form an organic whole; completing the design task in the shortest time and with the least consumption to improve design efficiency and economic benefits.
Its content is rich and diverse, including mastering the results of market research, carrying out the overall conception of product design to lay a foundation for the design work; determining the specific quality objectives of product design to point the way for subsequent work; conducting preliminary experimental research on new technologies to explore new possibilities and enhance the competitiveness of products; clarifying the work procedures of product design to ensure the orderly progress of the design work; conducting early failure analysis to detect potential problems in advance; organizing design quality reviews to ensure that the design quality meets the expected standards; determining the target cost according to the quality level to achieve a balance between quality and cost; doing well in product test and verification to verify the feasibility of the design through actual testing; conducting small-batch trial production and product appraisal to prepare for large-scale production; grading the importance of quality characteristics to highlight the key quality characteristics; strengthening the management of quality information in the design process to timely grasp various information in the design process; and strengthening the management of design documents to ensure the integrity and accuracy of design documents.
Requirements for design quality
The design quality requires that the product be technologically advanced and economically reasonable. In the design process, new technologies, new processes, and new materials should be actively adopted to improve the quality level of the product. For example, in the design of electronic products, using the latest chip technology can enhance the product's performance; in automobile manufacturing, using new materials can reduce the vehicle body weight and improve fuel efficiency. In terms of process design, it is necessary to make processing and manufacturing more convenient, reduce manufacturing costs, and improve economic benefits. By optimizing the process flow, waste and losses in the production process can be reduced, and the effective utilization of resources can be achieved.
Regulations for program design
Design procedures are clear regulations on the steps, sequence, and content of product design work. In general enterprises in China, product design is stipulated to have six stages and 14 procedures.
Planning and decision-making stage: It includes market research and forecasting, product planning and concept development, and preliminary tests. Through market research, understand the basic requirements of technology, market, and society, as well as the sales destinations of products, so as to provide a basis for product planning and decision-making.
Overall scheme design stage: Carry out the overall scheme design, determine the quality objectives, conduct the technical and economic feasibility demonstration, consider the environmental requirements, and conduct the overall scheme review. This stage lays the foundation for the overall design of the product.
Technical design stage: Carry out technical design, that is, product structure design, conduct performance index and economic forecasting, conduct preliminary reviews, and simultaneously carry out simulation tests and principle tests to ensure that the performance and economy of the product meet the expectations.
Detailed design and trial production stage: It includes working drawing design, sample (machine) trial production, sample (machine) testing, and sample (machine) appraisal. In this stage, design review, maintainability analysis, reliability analysis, as well as system testing, whole - machine testing, and design finalization testing should be carried out to ensure the quality and reliability of the product.
Small-batch trial production stage: Improve the sample (machine), conduct small-batch trial production and appraisal, and test-sell the products. In this process, make adjustments and modifications, conduct finalization reviews, carry out reliability tests, field tests and production appraisals to prepare for mass production.
Mass production phase: Carry out mass production and do a good job in user service. This phase marks the official entry of the product into the market. Providing high - quality products and services to users is an important mission of the enterprise.